This volume is the first part of the Proceedings of the 6th European Conference of Iranian Studies organized by the Societas Iranologica Europaea and held in Vienna, on the 18th–22nd of September 2007. It includes twenty-two papers on Ancient and Middle Iranian topics presented at the Conference, covering different linguistic areas such as Avestan, Old and Middle Persian, Sogdian and Bactrian. The articles deal furthermore with archeological and historical aspects of south-western and north-eastern Iran, religious and legal topics as well as anthroponymic evidence from various periods.